SQL acceptable by 4D

说明

4D implements strictly the ANSI 89 standard, and have it enforced. It is highly recommended to read the 4D SQL documentation to learn about the available commands. The URL of the manual is: » http://doc.4d.com/. Below is a list of 4D SQL characteristics: it is not exhaustive, but may serve as an introduction.

Characteristics of 4D SQL

Characteristics	Alternative	Note
INTEGER	Modify the SQL to use INT.	INT is the supported integer type in 4Dv12.0.
CHAR	Use VARCHAR instead.	Unsupported in 4Dv12.0
UNION	Unsupported. Make separate queries.	Unsupported in 4Dv12.0
SELECT 1 + 1;	SELECT 1 + 1 FROM _USER_SCHEMAS;	FROM is required
FLOAT	Cast the FLOAT value into a FLOAT or STRING, with an SQL 4D function (CAST, ROUND, TRUNC or TRUNCATE)	Unsupported in current versions of the PDO_4D driver
Strong typing	Take care your SQL query, or your PHP code provides data with the expected type	One must provide the right type that 4D expect. One can't insert '1' (as a string) in an INTEGER column.
PDO::execute($row)() : only works if all the table's column are of type TEXT or VARCHAR	Use the prepared statements, and use the right types.	The PDO extension cast all values through execute() as string, and expect the SQL database to parse the values.
SELECT NULL FROM TABLE	Do not use NULL constants. Extract them from the table	It is not allowed to use the NULL constant in the select list
SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE 1	Use WHERE 1 = 1	A constant can't be used in a WHERE clause
SHOW TABLES	Use system tables	The list of tables, schemas, index, etc. are in these system tables : _USER_TABLES, _USER_COLUMNS, _USER_INDEXES, _USER_CONSTRAINTS, _USER_IND_COLUMNS, _USER_CONS_COLUMNS, and _USER_SCHEMAS.
SQL structure delimiter	Use the following function to protect SQL elements: function sqlEscapeElement(elem) { return '[' . str_replace(']',']]', $elem) . ']'; }	To escape SQL elements names (tables, fields, users, groups, schema, primary key, etc.), the whole identifier must be between square brackets, and the closing brackets ']' must be doubled.